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Yahad Ostracon
The Yahad Ostracon is a controversial ostracon (text-bearing potsherd) that was found at the ruins of Qumran in 1996. The editors who published the text claimed that it contained the Hebrew word "Yahad" (יחד). This word is also used in a number of the Dead Sea Scrolls, where it has usually been translated as "community", and is generally taken to be a self-reference to the group responsible for the scrolls in which it appears (and, by extension, the corpus as a whole). The presence of this unusual term in both the scrolls (found in the nearby caves) and on the ostracon (found at the ruins themselves) would connect the scrolls to the settlement at Qumran.
==The Ostracon==
James F. Strange of the University of South Florida led an excavation which examined an area just outside the eastern wall of the settlement. One of the volunteers came upon the piece of ceramic and immediately lifted it out of its context to notice that there was writing on the other side. Strange had been removing dump material from a previous excavation with the aim to reach virgin soil, so the ostracon was found close to the original soil level. Further examination revealed a second piece.〔Doudna, footnote #3.〕 The ostracon yielded eighteen lines of text, though much of the latter part is extremely fragmentary.
In 1997 Frank Moore Cross and Esti Eshel published the text with drawing, transcription and translation. "According to the editors' interpretation, a certain man named Ḥoni gave his slave Ḥisday, his home, fig and olive trees to Eleazar, the treasurer or bursar of the Qumran community."〔Calloway 1997, p.145.〕 This was a dramatic link between the site of Qumran and the scrolls themselves, which talk about this community, usually referred to as the ''Yahad''. As Cross and Eshel put it, "The word Yahad, which appears on this ostracon, establishes the connection between Khirbet Qumran and the scrolls which were found in the nearby caves."〔Cross 1997, p.28.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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